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Research Library

How to read a study. What our evidence scale means. A curated set of references.

How to read peptide research

Interpreting studies on peptides requires distinguishing preclinical from human data, understanding sample sizes, and recognizing when a headline overstates a finding.

Our evidence scale

  • Strong Human Evidence

    Backed by multiple large randomised controlled trials in humans and, where applicable, approval by major regulatory agencies.

  • Moderate Human Evidence

    Supported by human trials, but of limited size, duration, or replication. May be approved for related but not identical indications.

  • Early Human Evidence

    Small-scale human studies, observational data, or off-label case reports only. Substantial uncertainty remains.

  • Preclinical Evidence

    Data are from animal models, cell studies, or anecdotal community reports. No controlled human evidence.

References

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    Ipamorelin, a growth hormone secretagogue, does not reduce postoperative ileus in patients undergoing bowel resection: results of a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialBeck DE, Sweeney WB, McCarter MD, Ipamorelin 2201 Study Group

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    Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 2001. preclinicalSource

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    The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migrationChang CH, Tsai WC, Lin MS, Hsu YH, Pang JHS

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    BPC 157 and Standard Angiogenic Growth Factors — Gastrointestinal Tract Healing, Lessons from Tendon, Ligament, Muscle and Bone HealingSeiwerth S, Milavic M, Vukojevic J, et al.

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    GHK peptide as a natural modulator of multiple cellular pathways in skin regenerationPickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A

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